Migration crisis
Asylum reception, border management and the long tail of integration are funded from national budgets and the EU's own funds. The direct cost is measurable; the indirect side runs through housing scarcity, education capacity and long-run labour market effects that cut both ways.
Accrued this year
€86,468,004,141
€3,194 /sec
Per citizen
€192.58
€224 per year
Per household
€438.92
€512 per year
Cost timeline
Modelled yearly cost across the EU, 2015–2026.
Figures are EU-wide and divided equally across 449 million residents.
Cost per worker by EU country
Model: EU-wide bill split by contribution key (GNI share; Netherlands 6.2%), divided by the labour force. Indicative.
Direct costs
€58.3 bn/yrMoney that leaves a public budget or an invoice.
- Asylum reception and accommodation€31.0 bn
- Housing of status holders and financing of migration inflow€16.0 bn
Municipal housing tasks, benefits and settlement costs
- Border management, Frontex and returns€6.5 bn
- Asylum procedures and legal processing€4.8 bn
Indirect costs
€42.5 bn/yrPrices, productivity and welfare effects citizens absorb.
- Development aid and migration deals with origin countries€14.0 bn
NDICI-Global Europe migration share, Turkey/Tunisia/Egypt deals, bilateral aid
- Pressure on housing markets€12.0 bn
- Education and language programmes€9.0 bn
- Healthcare and social services capacity€7.5 bn